Persamaan Diferensial Eksak
Suatu Persamaan Diferensial ordo satu yang berbentuk
(7) M(x,y)dx + N(x,y)dy = 0
disebut Persamaan Diferensial Eksak jika ruas kirinya adalah diferensial total atau diferensial eksak
(8) 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8d0XDiROORhrtuuePBBx5auXbtwtLSRx574sFHnli9YVtLZCNiKyKAc9TWnmY2qlaVY9e+c6kTJw6dPHkq7j0FWGLRrOxDlQAZwLZ9CGCxHeYzgImHDdS0E4cEEUOthlvImPI5pY8UP7Jg3sLIGGa1Xox1niwg3rN3bK1nYiLrbJrJJE4QFagHREW9cyJelZRBHt4SkwEk3R6tX7N16aIlpUvmV1dtA6AOqdb2NStXly1bfvRk87Gmtoo163fU1jkRUrWeVVUknr7KTCrkvY+i6OjRo2PHjXv0sUe3bFwLqIKNcrv3ISkpnGhI5NiqhOraQAE4grIDAiBQpBmBZxIGRDi25bR+X936d9cumregctny48cbAJCn9WvXVy5fcejQkZOnmjdt2bpx67Y4imdYSBWA99yeCli8iFchAO1trdOnv1VUVLhp42ZVWE+RdbFdFksEIOqUSIwBS5QKEXbq0uIjUa8uDETSgpCjcHj/YT++7EcVZcucT2a7J3IUkjoRJS9MUAWz8y7FZFTi+S2Ak4xSSMTxbDDGQFWYzlx/2BGk49Zn7AYBWIRFRVWEvbfkrXeG2ZM3RB5AXX39gw89fNddd2zasAaAwIcqbUQRCQmMqFUISDilvg2UjtpOHTt2uKGtNQ2kgLQiYrHOhi6ySiLMUZTXOIIaorOtnyZ2oAHEQhmwVSDMcWytubnp5ZdHXP7dKxaXlgvgiEPvSeFYnY/VMZsFbMcX8l1THwZYpBzFnmAV55IFzbnRz716+zU3HTn4PoB02jWdSodRlGjtcUcTvGei2PyyiektpGpZHakIYtsVoTHWJvEAT6yiTMIkcaSbPTGJsgLwLNaTiKiq8847y94pk4gnFwl78sbZEBmEDx052ve+37426rXW1pNJP+Y00QksxKlRTQNphM3v12yZMX1S6YZ1zUAT0B67ZtkHPkqzsd5KZGC9F3FQ9ozQqyEv4gERhRfxbD1FRC4ejKrMIuxj/YNzTI+G40eGDhnxwINPHjh8NGmPwioAsEDVKgciHkBYXlnz1/lJOGcFLBaJHT5lo+nmlqVL55ZXvD1r0uTCm7sNePCpoK193/4D/foNnTRpXhiZptZjq1YvW7VqTUtzGgrvvbVpwJ45ALNXPDgdcWhc7LAQBbPEejqzmMgxCVSJ4xWRyFkoQbyy8ybtoxTYQRwnUOmu6p2VlZUrVqzq/8ygK374b3Nmz927Y9vY3w2bO2fqkdZTCyqW3//w4ytWbHACCzUSEbUC7TBNNeuWP93/kVGzZ5wAGoFWIJDYTStOvXGRCQJhJhHD5K1jS2BlRejJEimrdxQ5YoDYRlGaPamAyYq2AAbAkQONlSvKVq1Z+urvhv/05ze99MqEeUtK+w8ZPHXevLTHviMNk6fOKiuvSKdbVH0c5woWlW7vjEjsAEwAwoGd9aNeHDZxwu/Wrlv5xAO//cVlPy6btZCdLy1f9s1vXj548EgA6zZVdut+5wsvDGs80QJARVWpvr5q+PChRQUlhT17FxUUFBbcW9SrqEfPnr369i1fsSy0kRe0BXQWaXgul4va2IVsw9WrKke++sqCBQvKyip6Fvb6ydXXrFu3fn/t7if7Flx3zVUvjXntzekznur/7Pp1W53CqLgkEgQA79dsfn7YoJkrlyPjt4yAwFtLHzbmfu/FPhA5YW3T7qr3Xh85bfKUcSvXzi2+r+g7l/1iWeXO0lVrrrnt+rsKSvYcOLrv8NFnBr886rXXjx89wD5k9gDCxWXVf5WfNTX9K11OLV4K4tglF6dtAB7Csfr+/t5DLw96ceCTTzWdfB/AkKf7F97craHuiDPRsoqKG66/a/q0xQKMHP3Slf96+fLKleQJABEzu/cP7Zo8ZcygAc8OfGbIgGeeGTDgqf4D+j/5dP/nhr24esPKlE07gSds3bG9sLhnz+LuRcX3FRY+VNirpLCke6/iwuLi+4uK7i8u7lNSUty7pLBPcVGfkl59S4r6FBf26VX4UJ/Ckl4FY0aPJBsCvG7NypKiwkkTxzvnDhw4NHDwc88Pe6WxsQnAnm3re95z+929etQfPx6/tVd4labUqYULZzzQp6BvUbe7rr/mBz/47s9vvqF7Sd/uDz7+4qTpB5paHXli2rB2bXFxcWFJr+LexcUFhb0Li4uLS3qVlJT07t2nuOS+kt59+/Yt7t27oLikoFdxcUlRn5Ki+/r0KiooXjSvFCCgcU/N2j6Fj4x8eeqpUyeMf3/oCwPvvPuBhpMewNKVZfcU9xk7dV7KYtO22orlK041HmGfJk5E4u6/zU8kfetr/9y4dBFI4XMdE17hADZRasLocbded8uW9ZsAPny0vrhX7wFPDIEi3dr2u+GvPHT/Y1s2V+/dt++Wu2+56pqfnGxrBeBFPDGzbzh+cPrUyUOfHfrCc88PGjhwwID+AwcN7D/g2RGjX1++ekVr2B4rIJu3bCko6FHYq2dhUe/CgvuLevUqKu7Zs7CgZ2FJz8Le3XoUdS8oKCoqKC7sUVzYvaSoR6+CHr0Ketzfu6igoOeY118H0NR4om9xyYP3P3Rg/wEAb7+96Lpf3rxyzabYRqyr3nnvnbfffPttxxpPAoCCWAG0p1vnL5jZu6iwuKDnXTffdMFF3/r+j3/Us7CkW9+HX54wdf+pFq8qwutXVxYUdCss6Nazx70F3XsU9Sy8p3vRr3sU9Swq6tWjW3HPbsWFPYqKevYo6tWtqKRHQUFRj27Fhd0KCnvOe3sxxKdP7pr02vO33tpt09Y6ADvWznv0/pKRb0wP4/mwf+/td/36/sef238kXbFyY139fu8jlTj1B+mly7b95V/mATbp63/fWDYfpHFIBKQQEnhCBNij7+/q9/CD3e7qkWqNjDGDnxv0i1/+6o0Jc1KBq99d3+22O98Y8bvdNbvHTZp4Z/d7HnnmyZWb17dFac/iiEXk4P76YUOGdr/n3sLuBT279bj33nu7d+9+b7ce9z/82KLS0lQQiEhk3ceROfG1ae2GSy+6dMKYyQBq99T3Lnnomv+4ZduO9xQ4fqxh7fKV995+5w3X/nJ/ff3hQ4eCdBBHSTKWNQAcOXZ48ItD5i5elKVYIBQh6fBkfZRL/Hubl/a69ZqBQ15utj5obRzQ8+bbr/n3lRv27D3S5I1lEz3xyBNXX3v7mMlvV67ebD0BIr5d2AFIl1Zs+Yu/iJ+UBezvGsvmgZMYFryCieE9IiBqOFwz4ImHfvqjq98cPWl5xfLrrr/2gsu//+KoKQcOtdburL3z+puGPP3M+nXrps2a0ffRhx4Z+PSC5WVNQQqA9c6534MEqxjnjI2InapnNkiS6JIrCE3sy7DElolBnIQWfc7GDADYvWPXz3989Z23/nre3MVj3pz8s59ee+UPfjbkhVeffGrwqFdH1+6oeWfWnN/cesegfk+vX72mraUlCiPvPBEREYDIuRXvrnns6afemjXDMxNgRIzCx85Sn1bbBolyHXAMWCvKpC4AGYANU6sTo4B4b9oteQUgdGB75QO/ueXaG29/5Y1J7y6dd+ePLu76pS9NmL6kau8xFxoA48dMvOqnNwx56fWTzXGAxoMDycywrWfMsLMD5mAUgY9ObFy9/MVnh7360uh1a9cuLV08fPSY2YtXNLVGqebU/KkzZ0+dceTw4YaTjW8vXjhn6cIWFxFgmByTiEAhxOy8ErMnImJRz2pJPAkxx+ofIKqefBRFqQMH6paVL12wYH5tbS2xEiurWk+WmZGEHZNAVtYNJxq1h+WLy555euDkiW9t3VI1Z/a8F1585c1xUx59rN/8ue+o46gtNX/WnFHDR5w80cjOB+nAO8fM8SQLra2p3bNw6ZLNVdsNM2ciI6SqKsoOZNi0HaqrXVG56p3Fy7dVVYfpVDKFmEQc1DvlQNSreGdsmDLGMivY2sb929cse+75YUNffq1q4/qK2ZOe7ffEkopVNoP+/LcXDBry6o5d++Nb5QgaJZ6O0orTDecEMEKuSGSQhSVth7adGWEK4j4L86xaZHLtI0jInuMIBgs7740V52O/pigo46EmYiYSJhUP9cIuSLctryh9ZfiwkSNHTJgwYeHCxc3NbZrhK5kEjUxCUJLLpaxkP0zTZONBHW0l54VFVeMZRsJxaxHnqDB5FVJm8QIiVRd7TVNNG1dVvv7G2NFjpkydPLVy4byjB+qNl0ySJkmcXC/inFVRYvWkQgwfQE4XNtkA7MnGk+XllZu27Y49vywqFKomvsSwvHLX3/zNBwAWy2qvYGawg3PUItykZDlUMIQds3UqkYAEIOVUqJ4UYGgklCJnAQslQEScsS4ymVEjKgJkIxhgVue89569Z2/ERSoe4o8dPtDSfArA1q1bBw4cNHPm7Kamtmxv5sSw8sIEqghSoXcEjV3jwqJhGDvzwNZTZJMQAouLDHliZmZWwBMRJzPdMoXOehUFK4UQ41QCAQHqo/aTJw4faQydHN23d/LLA994+YWDx1tMEksTVfECSwJABcZ671m9qLVqrY1cPIbFW7L25MmW8oqVo0a/OXvuvLp9h4xnAhyBRVUtEJGwAqZixXv/8A9nA6xDJAIsBLHwTtpEWgGnHj4SFRZ1XsgKPEO9unQkxKyJj8wBkbKDMkDCzlhvnbIqcTyik35XMKt3rBm/jopnF6k34Ni7z+QdgKptO+64465312zIDdd0zPfMvYo653zczwoiJmLJTBqIiicljmuS8+S8qpIn55wCmglXMzTOCyCAxbJpVk4TJA0ELOIt2HM8q8W9O3/Cw4X3lL+7vZHEA0ye2YuqI/YMUUShNaEXhvNqLCkLWeOdJ2YFUm2ts2fNerxf/1XrNhhWR+wVlIQzHWA8eQGiZSve+9/5gE0+Lx8wAkQ91IAYIbRd2YhVkyIykbAhZScghnoFQ2N/uYoVDoUC9kZIkPjOIVDP4klFVZMoojDYKzlWFkicWRZHywjiIT6LS93e+l9ed8PkSVO9yxe+uYABImKMERUWFuFMaIXiL8qsIsJCnlTUW2fCyDuXjcJ470VVVb2wF0kS1cVAU8ptRlyzopWYbYQcI/rIrpUvPPHAwOFj96bCrOjNDqe4uezgSA1Le2CFyIWpyFoHkLC4AOrjmu3GpY3LrsnxGpbsXilbvvM0w/lsgMVZpDFgKXWROoDBLiIfsBIDIlCnIBViVWXViCkUdgqnLKrCLMSZ1CBA423TmkTCs5ODRX28y4CgBLJqw2OHDm7asL6munrzxi233HRbv6cGbNywpXL5ivXrNra1pvbW1s2YPqumerdmPFjZTiTyRF41dt7H+16S4Bx5csYm/algIuY4EKXOOYnrqMR+ToGqWFCLupaA3SkglUk2OH6qac2GrVXrKvetnjP6uad+1f2Baau3LVq2cu26telUi3Xhrt21y1auOdrYKgJlOM5kbboIbJ1oqPDKEAN1RjQlsDl5OApVjlQjzSgdp4dXzgRMNXbMMMXZROIzEX8GnIBz8mgyYzwT9KPcYaZJUDdZZs66/MSmerwREQrwmsplTz/xWP8nn3h79uwJ4yf85Kqf9XtqwNIly3oV9b3h+tumTJ41+rVxRYW9lywuM5EnYqLcyac5757NPMnGvs8SHc8XrrmNdHAtkLZQqJERAQDt2bZpwOAXH3588Lwp4yvHDy2+4/p/v63o1bdX9nps0HXX37Bk0XxjwslTZ1x382/e3bQrfrITtAusiEbt8AFBIsBDoAYaeWiIBDDtZBJOAlis4XESKHdACPZxsrZk06Q8YBTcEfrPZEBwDmAdxlHHJM/ryzMw03inBTPtqtp6+003FHXvtmf3LiI/ftyE87/RdeSI0d7Jpo3benQv7lV4347tNfHjrfHOETNb5zIQ5AKWSUdRPRsgvw8weEganAq9ayF40X21u+697Zbbb/vNhi27AGxcMP7q711S+Nun69vT+xubbr7ltgfu7+O8r3//yPDRE2sPHk2mryKlsCpwASjw4HzAJPq4gDFUYYEAsW/UQDkDmOvIVtO86ZXNdqdcPF310B0AAAfjSURBVPIBy83oyVcc4qYiSLUOHvD0L6/5eUXpEgCi8s78hRdd9O1JE6cCqN1T1+2ewoLuxWF7BEBjjVthnU+lQ8lkHecwljwhcM4XQ41S6MV7oC0yMyaOvfSbX586dQ4pAKyaPf76n/zojckzm6yLHD366GM9e3TfWlW1taZ2zZaapiBkVSbxQKCwqhALjljZdABmPJJt/x0d1lnAOA8wA6SheYARIHE81nU8PgcwypWHegZmOdU4G7PKBywM20e9OrzbvXe9u2YlgMbGEwMHDr7jjrsPHDykqqtXrb/1pjtvuO7m2t11qVTaGu8ce1ISlfyx8fsnVKcuBUjYOiYFjDVvT5t41RWXVyxfBcA79/qwZ6/+tx9u2FodO2ZmzZzR9/77hg4f8dbcBUeb2z3giIiYslu21EGMKHuAEsBsEoPPYfkRAYuAFGDhNA8wm5dxfTbAOuxPzRvimg8Y53VkDJiK+Jrq7Q/c3/uN10dt2rRx/PjxRb1KZs6e+86ixfMXLKqtrR/35oRrr77uzdHjNm3cFgQRizhmy2JZcufu6SL3o16K2CQhYq/s66q39i3oNmbM+I2bts6cMfvxhx+eOG5ca1sqZrN1y/qehQV39CxasXm7UWHACbMKAZHCx4Cp0VgDSG5dVgP7gwJmOyDJkXWnqxv5EvBMwHLmnmYeIFBftWPLjJlTnxvy7KBnB61Zu27ztqq77+0x5PlhbW3pY0caRo0YPeiZ53bv2ksk1nnrKbH1P2nANA7cshCTtyk2rVBz8tihieMnDhzy8qChrywuq0wqigOkfu+uwUOee+G1N1u9UnI+gAqUVK3Eqmos/zjpnWTfUW4CbmcB+/uzAtYOGHiFPQtgehbA+PcBxnnbtfJ+1IxSl7hbs3me+eIiezELsyJW20VPWx3zFtHMiOgUfDn1FHBAynpjI0gAahfTGucYaHJkDUQFLgQIYrZuWl+xctWRplaTk+fMKl6IhJNTaTTeFiWJ0amUzW7PMs0Cxh8E2KTz/rmxdCGY4ZINHbFaHwIG8UaPTAqw+oxAzvM6nGW5OG3hz+B6Gi2nsZL7AGsiZ62ImMgxqwIsSN5akr+IMwmIxXk+Cxj5gH0gNsj5POM1kuXWW3WB2LRLNSv75FyAePx5Ora/fuWSd9YuK9u4ZvX+gwfieenj5HWAhYl9YtqBIR7CUEm2ip9NfVUFw3tYAxIgKC+v+kK+t358l2+cKC0FR/DtUBdngWjGk+uSQRWbcZkdVXpGx59W5APw+TjlnB74e2tmf5KzPTzvrzLZ6Pn9q6ouok1rN9x92+2jhr/a1pQkRnzgCOjMSzFUNQK3wbfCeSCoWLL9i/nxsLFdup4oLQMHoCZoGpLk/HLO3kogTkAXQrxd5pMA4FNdAO98GERQkGdyHGfJsj8jf73zJTGCNYS0QJrhPRBULNr+hXxPx5jzzm8oK4UEoCYgBXWx3OGOUwQQZ5szKN49+olMmE91AeCJQhOxCIsEUWh9shc8dml/lGdKIoWNoh1IgQUIypecvoaN63L+idJScADfBI3PB5MYIpfsGo+nKwnIgygWmhn15r9nEUk8o9bZ9lS7dVYBqDKLIy/6UTonq0Y7RQhEUABBWXnVaZvSJ/3fro1LyuAD2GZwAJ/sT0TsSUfmoEuJtTjqiPb+p3fbf1YBhFg8xbdKHEdwxDrljycSfQKYAWJvW1BasfNz+Ymkk796QeYknJyzpgjgeLc1MloaITk6qeN4lf/mJTmFS5Q9kbHZkNtHB4ygGcC8AECwpHLnX+anuY3/2oUnli4HOfh2SATiZCuXgDPJLlAgzq8+w1Xx37awiPMcj2lPHCdnE7Pz/BFFokIFXpKzcXIA+195gL35tYsblq4AU5J6EJ9iwYCANLP3TYA4GJnZDJtrKecopclAkc4RT9Oiz4nYSRZ/OL4kYolF4VVFQaqRI2OTkPRH4MsZUyrMB6z6c3+XD9h5325YvBzkQQHYwUpifBHi8+8o0V5ElOKzmil74k58jHPOFzl34pl1Ok/8L8VXNU6/yhwhCgDRovK9f/OP+Wr9BZc1lK2ADeBaAAuWxDcnGTtZARGoV3iGp4RF7CMXZExKzezXlRzKhxPzz7w9N2InWfyR+eKj8gXA7EyUErbJ8YbCAIIFi3d8Ll9LHN7lG0eXlQOhUpMiDY7EO7AyMTERiNVBDDRkhISQEBEMwzIcwwgsdxQjcJz82hliB0WSp3WW2GkWnw6+CgeNQPF/7pD5HxyAYOGi6r/Id01N+5cupxYvAQWwTaAUnIX1cIr2CGEEJngDG8UBU0gACcEROALFnxZswAZkMrcRyHSOaEAmoSd1Ok/sJItPA9+4+DRMK6JWpE4h1QQTAHCLFu47zZdY909dw2Gjad0Gu2Gt3V5lq+vM9vqo6oDZcdBUHzA1+0x1na3aa3fsNtW7za7dZtceU1NrampN9V5T/Z6prjPV7+WU0247T6w7R+JHYPH/Md+aOrOzOtq2Mdq1NdxbHezdHeyri94/FIx58/BpgNX+6edPfOWS7RdePvfCS+Ze9oN5l/zrpK9eOv6fvvPW174/9fwr3zr/u9O/cdncLpfO7fLtmV+/eOo3L552/iUzvvHtGd/4zoyvX/ZZ+aTKtK9fOvmiyyZccfnoK74z4ruXDLnoW/0vvmj0j36w8uILq/40/7/y+Oz6tFyfAfYpu/4feUngj3TSlPoAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
dari suatu fungsi u(x,y). Maka Persamaan Diferensial (7) dapat ditulis dengan
du = 0.
Dengan pengintegralan akan diperoleh selesaian umum dari (1) yang berbentuk
(9) u(x,y) = c.
Dengan membandingkan (7) dan (8) kita mengetahui bahwa (7) adalah Persamaan Diferensial Eksak jika ada suatu fungsi u(x,y) sedemikian hingga
(10)
Misal M dan N terdifinisikan dan mempunyai turunan par-sial pertama yang kontinen dalam suatu daerah di bidang xy yang batas-batasnya berupa kurva tutup yang tidak mempunyai iri-san mandiri (self-intersections). Maka dari (10) diperoleh
Dengan asumsi kontinuitas, maka dua turunan kedua di atas adalah sama. Jadi
(11) ![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Syarat ini bukan hanya perlu tetapi juga cukup untuk Mdx+Ndy menjadi diferensial
total.
Jika (7) eksak, maka fungsi u(x,y) dapat ditemukan dengan perkiraan atau dengan cara sistematis seperti berikut. Dari (10a) dengan pengintegralan terhadap x
Diperoleh
(12) ![](data:image/png;base64,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)
dalam pengintegralan ini, y dipandang sebagai suatu konstan, dan k(y) berperan
sebagai konstan integrasi. Untuk menentukan k(y), kita turunkan ¶u/¶y dari (12),
gunakan (10b) untuk mendapatkan dk/dy, dan integralkan.
Rumus (12) diperoleh dari (10a). Secara sama kita bisa menggunakan rumus
(10b) untuk mendapatkan rumus (12*) yang mirip dengan (12) yaitu
(12*) ![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Untuk menentukan l(x) kita turunkan ¶u/¶x dari (12*), gunakan (10a) untuk
mendapatkan dl/dx, dan intergralkan.
Contoh 6 Persamaan Diferensial Eksak
Selesaikan
xy’ + y + 4 = 0.
Penyelesaian.
Persamaan di atas ditulis dalam bentuk (7), yaitu
(y+4)dx + xdy = 0.
Kita lihat bahwa
M = y+4, dan
N = x.
Jadi (11) dipenuhi, sehingga persamaannya adalah eksak.
Dari (12*) diperoleh
Untuk menentukan l(x), rumus di atas diturunkan terhadap x dan gunakan rumus
(10a) untuk mendapatkan
Jadi
dl/dx = 4, atau
l = 4x+c*.
Jadi selesaian umum Persamaan Diferensial berbentuk
u = xy+l(x)
= xy+4x+c*
= konstan.
Pembagian dengan x menghasilkan
y = c/x+4.
Catatan: Persamaan Diferensial Eksak
Persamaan di atas bisa ditulis menjadi
ydx + xdy = -4dx.
Ruas kiri adalah diferensial total dari xy, yaitu d(xy), sehingga jika diintegralkan akan
diperoleh xy = -4x+c, yang sama dengan penyelesaian dengan menggunakan metode sistematis.
Contoh 7
Selesaikan Persamaan Diferensial Eksak:
2xsin3ydx + (3x2cos3y+2y)dy = 0.
Penyelesaian.
Dengan (11) terbukti bahwa PDnya eksak.
Dari (12) diperoleh
Jika diturunkan terhadap y diperoleh
Jadi
Selesaian umumnya adalah u = konstan atau
Perhatikan!
Metode kita memberikan selesaian dalam bentuk implisit
u(x,y) = c = konstan,
bukan dalam bentuk eksplisit y = f(x).
Untuk mengeceknya, kita turunkan u(x,y) = c secara implisit. Dan dilihat apakah
akan menghasilkan
dy/dx = -M/N atau
Mdx + Ndy = 0,
seperti persamaan semula atau tidak.
Contoh 8. Kasus tidak eksak
Perhatikan Persamaan Diferensial
ydx-xdy=0.
Terlihat bahwa
M=y dan N=-x
Sehingga
Tetapi
Jadi Persamaan Diferensialnya tidak eksak. Dalam kasus demikian metode kita tidak berlaku: dari (12),
sehingga
Ini harus sama dengan
N=-x.
Hal ini tidak mungkin, karena k(y) hanya fungsi dari y saja. Jika digunakan (12*)
juga akan menghasilkan hal yang sama. Untuk menyelesaikan Persamaan Diferensialtak eksak yang
demikian ini diperlukan metode yang lain.
Jika suatu Persamaan Diferensial itu eksak, maka kita bisa mengubah menjadi tak eksak dengan
membagi dengan suatu fungsi tertentu. Sebagai contoh,
xdx+ydy=0
adalah Persamaan Diferensial Eksak, tetapi dengan membagi dengan y akan diperoleh Persamaan Diferensial tak eksak
x/ydx+dy=0.
Demikian juga suatu Persamaan Diferensial tak eksak, mungkin bisa diubah menjadi eksak dengan
dibagi/dikalikan dengan suatu fungsi tertentu (yang cocok). Metode ini akan dibahas
dalam pasal berikutnya.
Contoh soal:
- Tentukan apakah persamaan diferensial y dx - x dy = 0 adalah eksak
pembahasan:
M (x,y) = y dan N (x,y) = -1.Disini
Yang nilainya tidak sama,sehingga persamaan diferensial dalam bentuk yang diberikan ini tidak eksak.
Bagaimana aplikasi pd non eksak dalam kehidupan?
BalasHapusAplikasi differensial yang non eksak itu untuk menentukan suatu keadaan pada termodinamika... Non eksak menunjukkan bahwa fungsi differensial bersifat sebagai fungsi proses, sedangkan yang eksak adalah fungsi keadaan
BalasHapusApakah ada saran buku rujukan pd ordo 1 non eksak?
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